In a post from April 7, 2023, APA offers some guidance on citing AI-generated materials and AI software.
Text Created by AI tools
First, they suggest ensuring you describe how you used the AI tool in your research in a method section or comparable section of your paper.
APA also suggests that given that AI generated content like chats are not created by a person, that they cannot be considered personal communication. Instead, treat the content as an algorithm's output, and credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and in-text citation.
You can also put the full text of long responses in an appendix or online supplemental materials.
Reference List
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
In-Text Citation
For a direct quote or paraphrase, use the following format. Note: OpenAI is the author not ChatGPT.
(Author, Year)
Example:
(OpenAI, 2023)
References to ChatGPT or other AI models
APA suggests using the template for software to cite ChatGPT or other AI software.
Reference
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
In-Text Citation
Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)
Reference List
Although there is no specific guidance offered by Vancouver Style editors, AI content is considered personal communication and/or non-recoverable data, and therefore should not be included as a reference in your reference list according to the Vancouver Style.
In-Text Citation
AI-generated content can be cited in-text using the following format:
Type of Communication, Communicator, Date (DMY)
You can also include further information, such as the prompt you offered the AI in type of communicaiton.
Examples:
In an online chat with Open AI's Chat GPT (23 March 2023)...
A chat generated a potentially useful script for dealing with these interactions (ChatGPT response, prompt for "How to resolve conflict with a coworker", 24 March 2023).
...(Grammerly paraphrase, personal communication, 22 February 2023).
IEEE does not cite AI generated text for publication and does not consider AI generated text a valid reference.
Reference List
Although there is no specific guidance offered by CSE, AI content is considered personal communication and/or non-recoverable data, and therefore should not be included as a reference in your reference list according to CSE style.
In-Text Citation
AI generated content can be cited in-text with the following format of other unpublished materials
(Author, Format, Date [DMY]).
(OpenAI, Chat GPT, 23 March 2023)
Reference List
Although there is no specific guidance offered by the American Mathematical Society, AI generated content is generally considered personal communication and/or non-recoverable data. According to AMS style, you should be including this in your reference list. AMS reference lists are organized alphabetically, with each reference assigned a number.
Use the following format:
Author Name, Format Type, Year
Examples:
[5] Open AI Chat GPT chat, 2023
[5] Open AI Chat GPT chat response to prompt "How to resolve conflict with a coworker," 2023
[4] Grammarly paraphrase, 2023
In-Text Citation
AI-generated content can be cited in-text using using the reference's assigned number
Examples:
In a chat with Open AI’s Chat GPT [5], the author discovered...
Reference List
Although there is no specific guidance offered by American Society of Microbiology, AI content is considered personal communication and/or non-recoverable data, and therefore should not be included as a reference in your reference list according to ASM style.
In-Text Citation
AI generated content can be cited in-text with the following format of other unpublished materials
(Author's first initial(s). Author's last name, Affiliated institution/organization/conference, Location [if relevant], Date [DMY]).
(OpenAI’s Chat GPT 23 March 2023)
Several publishers have offered guidance on how AI tools should be cited or used in writing:
Nature and other Springer Journals advise that Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT will not be accepted as credited authors on research papers. However, researchers using LLM tools should document their use in the methods or acknowledgement section (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00191-1, January 24, 2023)
arXiv’s policy on ChatGPT and similar tools states that authors are required to report any significant use of sophisticated tools in a manner consistent with subject standards for methodology, and that generative AI tools should not be listed as an author. Authors are also responsible for all content of their articles, including that generated by AI language tools, and should be mindful that AI generated content may include inappropriate language, plagiarized content, errors, mistakes, incorrect references or misleading content. (https://blog.arxiv.org/2023/01/31/arxiv-announces-new-policy-on-chatgpt-and-similar-tools/, February 7, 2023)
JAMA also states that nonhuman artificial intelligence, language models, machine learning or similar technologies to not qualify for authorship, but should be reported in the Acknowledgements or Methods section. Likewise, authors take responsibility for the integrity of that content. (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2801170, January 31, 2023)
Science has created an Artificial Intelligence (AI) policy which states: “Text generated from AI, machine learning, or similar algorithmic tools cannot be used in papers published in Science journals, nor can the accompanying figures, images, or graphics be the products of such tools, without explicit permission from the editors. In addition, an AI program cannot be an author of a Science journal paper. A violation of this policy constitutes scientific misconduct.” (Science URL as of March 23, 2023)
Taylor & Francis states that AI tools cannot be listed as an author, and their use must be acknowledge and documented appropriately (https://newsroom.taylorandfrancisgroup.com/taylor-francis-clarifies-the-responsible-use-of-ai-tools-in-academic-content-creation/, as of March 23, 2023)
American Mathematical Society (AMS)
Reference List
Although there is no specific guidance offered by the American Mathematical Society, AI generated content is generally considered personal communication and/or non-recoverable data. According to AMS style, you should be including this in your reference list. AMS reference lists are organized alphabetically, with each reference assigned a number.
Use the following format:
Author Name, Format Type, Year
Examples:
[5] Open AI Chat GPT chat, 2023
[5] Open AI Chat GPT chat response to prompt "How to resolve conflict with a coworker," 2023
[4] Grammarly paraphrase, 2023
In-Text Citation
AI-generated content can be cited in-text using using the reference's assigned number
Examples:
In a chat with Open AI’s Chat GPT [5], the author discovered...
American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Reference List
Although there is no specific guidance offered by American Society of Microbiology, AI content is considered personal communication and/or non-recoverable data, and therefore should not be included as a reference in your reference list according to ASM style.
In-Text Citation
AI generated content can be cited in-text with the following format of other unpublished materials
(Author's first initial(s). Author's last name, Affiliated institution/organization/conference, Location [if relevant], Date [DMY]).
(OpenAI’s Chat GPT 23 March 2023)
APA
In a post from April 7, 2023, APA offers some guidance on citing AI-generated materials and AI software.
Text Created by AI tools
First, they suggest ensuring you describe how you used the AI tool in your research in a method section or comparable section of your paper.
APA also suggests that given that AI generated content like chats are not created by a person, that they cannot be considered personal communication. Instead, treat the content as an algorithm's output, and credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and in-text citation.
You can also put the full text of long responses in an appendix or online supplemental materials.
Reference List
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
In-Text Citation
For a direct quote or paraphrase, use the following format. Note: OpenAI is the author not ChatGPT.
(Author, Year)
Example:
(OpenAI, 2023)
References to ChatGPT or other AI models
APA suggests using the template for software to cite ChatGPT or other AI software.
Reference
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
In-Text Citation
Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)
CSE
Reference List
Although there is no specific guidance offered by CSE, AI content is considered personal communication and/or non-recoverable data, and therefore should not be included as a reference in your reference list according to CSE style.
In-Text Citation
AI generated content can be cited in-text with the following format of other unpublished materials
(Author, Format, Date [DMY]).
(OpenAI, Chat GPT, 23 March 2023)
IEEE
IEEE does not cite AI generated text for publication and does not consider AI generated text a valid reference.
Vancouver Style
Reference List
Although there is no specific guidance offered by Vancouver Style editors, AI content is considered personal communication and/or non-recoverable data, and therefore should not be included as a reference in your reference list according to the Vancouver Style.
In-Text Citation
AI-generated content can be cited in-text using the following format:
Type of Communication, Communicator, Date (DMY)
You can also include further information, such as the prompt you offered the AI in type of communicaiton.
Examples:
In an online chat with Open AI's Chat GPT (23 March 2023)...
A chat generated a potentially useful script for dealing with these interactions (ChatGPT response, prompt for "How to resolve conflict with a coworker", 24 March 2023).
...(Grammerly paraphrase, personal communication, 22 February 2023).