PICO
Question
Is barefoot running less likely to incur injuries than running in running shoes?
Identify the core elements
| Population | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Runners | Barefoot | Shoes | Reduced risk of injury |
Synonyms
Brainstorm Synonyms
| Runners | Barefoot | Shoes | Reduced risk of Injury |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joggers | unshod | shod | injury |
Boolean Searching
AND & OR
AND produces results with all search terms. Use AND to join different concepts. AND will narrow a search. e.g. barefoot AND shod will look for articles that contain both words.
OR produces results with either search term. Use OR to join synonyms. OR will expand a search: e.g. barefoot OR unshod will look for articles that contain either word.
Phrase searching
Use "quotation marks" to search for a phrase. "Running injuries" will look for the two words directly adjacent together. Running injuries will look for each word individually anywhere in the article.
Wildcards
Capturing more with truncation
Consider the forms of the word injury: injury, injuries, injured...
- Ostermann, K., Ridpath, L., & Hanna, J. B. (2016). Self-Reported Minimalist Running Injury Incidence and Severity: A Pilot Study. The Journal Of The American Osteopathic Association, 116(8), 512-520. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2016.104
- Baltich, J., Emery, C. A., Whittaker, J. L., & Nigg, B. M. (2017). Running injuries in novice runners enrolled in different training interventions: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports, 27(11), 1372-1383. doi:10.1111/sms.12743
- Tenforde, A. S., Ruder, M. C., Jamison, S. T., Singh, P. P., & Davis, I. S. (2018). Is symmetry of loading improved for injured runners during novice barefoot running?. Gait & Posture, 623, 17-320. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.03.043
We can over this by searching for running injur*. The * looks for any number of characters. It will look not only for injury, but injuries, injured etc...
The Search
Bringing it all together
| runners | Barefoot | Shoes | Reduced risk of Injury while Running | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| runn* or jogg* | AND | barefoot OR unshod | AND | shoes OR shod | AND | injur* |