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HMKN 206: Health Research Methods

A guide to assist HMKN 206 students complete their 1st assignment.

Why Cite

Failure to give credit in an academic context is referred to as plagiarism and is understood as claiming responsibility for someone else's ideas and work. This is not looked upon very kindly.

However, beyond plagiarism, there are many reasons why citing properly is important. A few of these are that giving credit:

  • turns a single work into one piece of the dialog between all the researchers working on a similar topic, linking together ideas and furthering research;
  • demonstrates that we are familiar with the literature, and that we haven't made up our claims;
  • allows us, and others, to retrieve the articles and evidence used by an author to build their argument.

APA Guides

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the american psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

American Psychological Association. (2012). APA style guide to electronic references (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

APA: Getting Started. Quick Reference from the UBC Library.

The Basics for Journal Articles

In text citations

Core components:

  • Author(s)
  • Date

Format options:

  • List the authors as part of your narrative;
  • Refer to the research and then add the authors parenthetically.

Examples

Yang, Scott, Mao, Tang, and Farmer (2014) concluded that there is minimal clinical significance to aerobic versus resistance exercise in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

A recent systematic review concluded that there is minimal clinical significance to aerobic versus resistance exercise in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (Yang, Scott, Mao, Tang, & Farmer, 2014).

Cheat Sheet:

# of Authors Example
1

(Yang, 2014)
2 (Yang & Scott, 2014)
3-5 First citation: (Yang, Scott & Mao, 2014)
Subsequent citations: (Yang et al., 2014)
6 or more

(Yang et al., 2014)
Reference List

Core components:

  • Author(s)
  • Date of publication
  • Article title
  • Journal name
  • Volume
  • Issue/page numbers
  • DOI/URL

Format

Note: What is and what is not italicized. There is not always an issue number.

  • Last Name, Initial (YYYY). Article title. Journal name, volume (issue), pp-pp. DOI/URL.
  • Last Name, Initial (YYYY). Article title. Journal name, volume, pp-pp. DOI/URL.

Examples

Issue number

  • Baltich, J., Emery, C. A., Whittaker, J. L., & Nigg, B. M. (2017). Running injuries in novice runners enrolled in different training interventions: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports, 27(11), 1372-1383. doi:10.1111/sms.12743

No issues number

  • Tenforde, A. S., Ruder, M. C., Jamison, S. T., Singh, P. P., & Davis, I. S. (2018). Is symmetry of loading improved for injured runners during novice barefoot running?. Gait & Posture, 623, 17-320. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.03.043

Citation Managers

What is Citation Management

Citation management tools link together your database searches and your word processor. They help you to:

  • organize your research all in one place
  • avoid plagiarism by tracking your research path
  • create in text citations with the click of a button(s)
  • easily format and re-format bibliographies and in-text references: a great tool for quickly changing formats for submission different journals
Citation Managers

There are several citation managers available. The following three options are free of charge: RefWorks; Mendeley; Zotero.

RefWorks, as an exclusively online tool, is ideal for users who use multiple computers or rely on a web interface. Mendeley offers strong support for pdf management including storing, sharing, and annotating. Zotero handles a wide variety of references outside of books and journal articles.

How To's